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The Ishvara Temple (also spelt Ishwara or Isvara) in Arasikere town of the Hassan district in Karnataka state, India, dates to c. 1220 CE rule of Hoysala Empire.〔 Arasikere (''lit'' "Queens tank"; ''Arasi'' means "queen" or "princess" and ''kere'' means "tank" in the Kannada language) is located 140 km north of the historic city of Mysore and 41 km east of Hassan city.〔Gowda (2006), p. 19〕 The temple, which is dedicated to the Hindu God Shiva, though modest in size and figure sculpture, is considered the most complex one in architecture among surviving Hoysala monuments because of its ground plan: a 16-pointed star shaped ''mantapa'' (hall), in addition to an asymmetrical star shaped shrine, whose star points are of three different types.〔Foekema (1996), p. 41–42〕 ==Temple plan== The temple faces east as in all Hoysala constructions, uses soapstone (also known as steatite or soaprock) as its basic building material,〔Kamath (2001), p. 136〕 and is a ''ekakuta'' shrine (single shrine or cella) with two ''mantapas'' (hall), one open and one closed.〔Foekema (1966), p. 42〕 All three units are connected to form a unity.〔Foekema (1996), p. 21〕 The sanctum (''garbhagriha'') enshrines a ''linga'', the universal symbol of the Hindu god Shiva. The ''mantapa'' is where the devotees gather. The closed ''mantapa'' does not have any windows. The ceiling in the closed ''mantapa'' is divided into nine compartments or "bays" by the four lathe turned pillars that support the ceiling.〔 The unusual stellate design of the open ''mantapa'' is a deviation from the "staggered square"–a standard in Hoysala constructions,〔Quote:"In staggered square halls, the wall forms many projections and recesses, each projection bearing a complete architectural articulation with many decorations", (Foekema 1996, p. 21)〕 and offers no opening for devotees to enter the temple. The entrance is through a "bay"〔Quote:"A square compartment of a hall", (Foekema 1996, p. 93)〕 between the two ''mantapas''.〔 The shrine has a tower (superstructure or ''Shikhara'') which is intact, though the finial (a decorative water pot like structure called ''Kalasha'') is a recent replacement.〔 The vestibule connects the shrine to the closed ''mantapa'' and has its own tower called ''Sukanasi''. The term "nose" is sometimes used to describe this tower because it is a low protrusion of the main tower (tower over the shrine). On this "nose" is an image of a bull (Nandi), which may be a more recent addition because this is the place where Hoysala temples normally exhibit the Hoysala royal emblem, the legendary warrior "Sala" fighting a lion.〔Foekema (1996), p. 22〕 The outer wall of the vestibule shares the same decoration as the outer wall of the shrine, but is inconspicuous because it forms a short continuation between the wall of the shrine and that of closed ''mantapa''.〔 The outer wall of the shrine is stellate, but the star points are not identical, rather they form three different kinds of star points, making the design complicated and unusual.〔 The lower half of the outer wall of the shrine and the outer wall of the closed ''mantapa'' share the same architectural articulation. The open hall, with its 16-pointed star plan is most unusual design built by Hoysala architects. The central ceiling in the closed ''mantapa'' and the vestibule are decorated elaborately.〔 Both the interior and exterior of the temple shows interesting workmanship. The elegantly decorated ceilings, the domical ceiling of the open ''mantapa'', the sculptures of Dwarapalakas (door keepers) in the closed ''mantapa'' (also called ''navaranga''), the wall panel images numbering a hundred and twenty (on pilasters between the aedicules–miniature decorative towers) carved on the outer walls are noteworthy.〔 Profile of Ishvara temple at Arasikere.JPG|Front profile of Ishvara temple at Arasikere Stellate plan of open navaranga mantapa with half pillars in the Ishvara temple at Arasikere.JPG|Stellate Navaranga mantapa with domical ceiling in Ishvara temple at Arasikere Stellate plan and articulation of shrine outer wall in Ishvara temple at Arasikere.JPG|Relief articulation on outer wall of shrine in Ishvara temple at Arasikere Image:Hero Stone with old-Kannada inscription at Arasikere.jpg|13th century hero stone with old-Kannada inscription at Ishvara temple Old-Kannada inscription at Arasikere Ishwara temple.jpg|Old Kannada inscription (c. 1220 CE) in Ishvara temple at Arasikere Old Kannada inscription (1220 AD) at Ishvara temple (Shivalaya) in Arasikere.JPG| Old Kannada inscription of c. 1220 CE in Ishvara temple at Arasikere 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ishvara Temple, Arasikere」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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